Phytochemical Studies and Antidiabetic Activities of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv) Ethanolic Leaves Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Authors

  • Grace D. O. Eneh  Department of Science Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Okon G. Okon  Department of Biological Sciences, Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Joseph E. Okon  Department of Biological Sciences, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Nsikak B. Essien  Department of Science Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Keywords:

Albino Rats, Alloxan, Antidiabetic, Diabetes, Glibenclamide, Newbouldia laevis, Phytochemicals

Abstract

The phytochemical properties of the ethanolic leaves extract of Newbouldia laevis and its antidiabetic properties on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats were evaluated. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenes, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones in Newbouldia laevis leaf extract. Quantitative phytochemical screening of Newbouldia laevis revealed the presence of flavonoids (12.22 ± 1.67 mg/kg), alkaloids (10.71 ± 1.75 mg/kg), saponins (7.01 ± 0.61 mg/kg), tannins (6.74 ± 0.36 mg/kg), cardiac glycosides (4.11 ± 0.46 mg/kg), anthraquinones (1.42 ± 0.24 mg/kg) and terpenes 1.16 ± 0.24 mg/kg. The toxicity test of the extracts produced various degree of toxicity ranging from writhing, decreased respiration, convulsion to mortality. The intensities of these effects were proportional to the dose administered. The LD50 for Newbouldia laevis was 447.21 mg/kg. The results of the influence of ethanolic leaves of Newbouldia laevis on alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in the blood glucose level (BGL) as time of treatments increases. The leaves extracts of Newbouldia laevis significantly (p<0.05) decreased the blood glucose level of diabetic rats on day 14 compared to diabetic untreated (control) rats. The BGL of diabetic rats treated with oral hypoglycemic agent alone were significantly (p<0.05) different from control group on day 14. The presence of these biologically active compounds suggest that the plant could serve as potential sources of drugs and their secondary metabolites could exert some biological activities when taken by animals. The extracts of Newbouldia laevis also produced a similar reduction in blood sugar level as the standard hypoglycemic drug (Glibenclamide). This may be due to its ability to enhance insulin secretion like the standard drug. This positive result confirms why herbalists use this leaf for the management of diabetes

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemistry

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Published

2018-11-30

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Volume 3, Issue 5, November-December-2018

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Research Articles

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[1]
Grace D. O. Eneh, Okon G. Okon, Joseph E. Okon, Nsikak B. Essien, " Phytochemical Studies and Antidiabetic Activities of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv) Ethanolic Leaves Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats, International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemistry(IJSRCH), ISSN : 2456-8457, Volume 3, Issue 5, pp.52-61, November-December-2018.