Analysis of Crude Saponin from the Leaves of Vernonia Amygdalina
Keywords:
Saponin, Vernonia Amygdalina, Ultrasonic, FTIR and HPLCAbstract
Saponin, which is naturally occurring glycosides, was extracted and studied. Vernonia Amygdalina is a shrub plant commonly found in Asia and Africa that contain various bioactive compounds, which have been used for treating illness and diseases. The saponin was extracted from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina by ultrasonic. The crude extract was further studies by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The FTIR spectral gives peaks at 3281 for the hydroxyl group (OH), 2926 for the Carbon-hydrogen (C-H), 1557 for the Carbon double bond (C=C), 2116 for the Carbon-Oxygen (C=O) and 1069 for the Carbon-Oxygen-Carbon (C-O-C). This shows the presence of functional groups in the crude saponin. The HPLC studies of saponin from solid crude extract of Vernonia amygdalina shows the peak at 280 nm and when matched with the standard saponin it confirms the presence of saponin in the extracts. The yield of saponin from Vernonia amygdalina is 18%, which is confirmed by the phytochemical analysis done by Udochukwu et al.
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